The Influence of Confucianism on Korean Literature

Confucianism is an ethical, political, and religious philosophy created by Confucius during the Spring and Autumn period in China. The teachings of Confucianism focus on moral practices in human relations, social order, and political governance. It has been one of the key ideological systems in East Asia, alongside Buddhism and Taoism.

In Korea’s past, Confucianism significantly influenced both society and literature. Confucian values, such as filial piety, loyalty, and fidelity, can be seen in many of Korea’s classical works of literature. This influence continues to shape Korean culture today, even in modern times.

Filial Piety: A Core Confucian Value in Korean Literature

One of the key virtues of Confucianism is filial piety — the deep respect, love, and duty one must show toward their parents and family. This value is strongly reflected in past Korean literature. Many characters are portrayed as devoted children who honor their parents and try to maintain familial harmony.

For example, in the traditional Korean story Shimcheongjeon, the main character, Shimcheong, sacrifices herself to save her father from starvation, demonstrating extreme filial devotion. This theme is common in Korean literature and underscores the importance of family and respect in Confucian thought.

Loyalty to the King and Country in Korean Classical Literature

Another fundamental Confucian value in literature is loyalty — a virtue that stresses being faithful to one’s ruler, country, or even lover. In classical Korean literature, loyalty is portrayed as an essential quality of an ideal character.

Take Samiingok, for example: This poem expresses a deep longing for the king, using metaphorical language that compares loyalty to romantic love. Similarly, Gwandongbyeolgok explores the theme of loyalty to good governance and the responsibility to uphold the right politics, even in solitude. Both poems emphasize loyalty as an ideal Confucian value, and their characters exemplify this virtue.

Fidelity and Integrity in Korean Literature

Confucianism also emphasizes fidelity — a virtue that reflects integrity, chastity, and moral loyalty. In traditional Korean society, especially for women, fidelity was an important social rule. Korean literature often explores this theme, highlighting characters who maintain their moral integrity in the face of adversity.

For example, in the famous Korean story Chunhyangjeon, the heroine, Chunhyang, resists the governor’s threats and remains faithful to her husband. Another story, Yeolnyeojeon, focuses on women who preserve their integrity and fidelity at all costs. These stories depict the importance of remaining true to one’s morals, even when faced with temptation or injustice.

Confucianism’s Ongoing Impact on Korean Literature and Culture

As I have explained, Confucianism has deeply influenced various genres of Korean literature. These values continue to shape Korean culture today. The influence of Confucian ideals is still felt in everyday life, particularly in family dynamics, social behavior, and education.

Confucianism is not just a relic of the past — it is part of the foundation of modern Korean society. Its principles remain embedded in literature and culture, guiding both personal relationships and public behavior. Understanding the role Confucianism has played in shaping Korean literature allows us to see its enduring influence on modern Korean identity.

Conclusion: Recognizing the Influence of Confucianism on Korea Today

In conclusion, Confucianism’s impact on Korean literature is vast and enduring. From the importance of filial piety to the values of loyalty and fidelity, Confucian principles have shaped the way Korean literature portrays virtue and morality. Even today, these values continue to influence how Koreans live, think, and relate to one another.

By recognizing the influence of Confucianism, we can better understand not just Korean literature, but also modern Korean society.

Did you know?

Pyeongtaek has its very own Confucian school right near Jinwee High School that you can visit!

Located at the foot of Mubongsan Mountain, the Jinwi Local Confucian School (Gyeonggi-do Cultural Property Material No. 40) dates back to the early Joseon period. This historic site features the Daeseongjeon Shrine, where memorial rites were once held for Confucius and other influential sages. The shrine, a fine example of 18th-century Korean architecture, offers visitors a glimpse into the past and beautiful views of the surrounding mountains.

For anyone interested in Confucianism and Korean history, this hidden gem in Pyeongtaek is a must-see! Read here for more information on how to get there.

About the “Shared Voices” Initiative

South of Seoul volunteers collaborate with Korean public schools to provide students meaningful opportunities to expand their English communication experience while sharing their world views with the international community in Korea.

Through guided projects, students in Korean classrooms use digital and creative tools to express themselves in English, building confidence in their communication skills. At the same time, they learn to approach writing with empathy. They participate in guided discussions that consider different perspectives, practicing cultural awareness, and developing a deeper understanding of how their words can connect communities across borders.

It’s important to know that schools in South Korea are becoming increasingly diverse, this includes the students who participate in South of Seoul programs like “Shared Voices.”