Looking for an eye doctor or eye clinic in South Korea that you KNOW speaks excellent English? Even though we focus on providing information about resources outside Seoul, sometimes there are things you should go to Seoul for. Elective surgery is often one of them when you don’t speak Korean and you want to feel fully informed. Medical Tourism in Seoul As international residents in South Korea, we benefit from the medical tourism in Seoul and other major cities. This is because a wide variety of medical clinics, including eye clinics, cater to English speaking clients in these areas. This includes English language websites, materials, office staff, and doctors. They adjust their culture and information to the needs of those from other countries. As you can see in the graph below, medical tourism is growing quickly in South Korea. This doesn’t mean you won’t experience culture shock or hidden culture, but it does mean you have more access to information and support when you don’t understand something. Living abroad almost always means navigating systems that don’t work the way you expect and eye care in Korea is one of those areas. The word “optometrist” may not lead you to the right place, but ophthalmologist-run eye clinics in Seoul and beyond are ready to provide safe, advanced, and compassionate care. Now, let’s get into it. What to Expect From Eye Clinics in Seoul The eye clinics that focus on medical tourist in Korea offer world-class quality eye care. They are equipped with advanced technology, highly trained surgeons, and helpful staff. They also have a strong reputation for safe, effective procedures. The doctors at the clinic know what they are doing and they want to provide a comprehensive experience that makes you feel comfortable from start to finish. Now, this doesn’t mean you won’t come across aspects of the procedure that make you uncomfortable. For some, the efficient service might make it feel like things are moving too fast. Speedy service sometimes feels, “unsafe” to people used to waiting for health services. Others might feel stressed because they thought they would be able to choose a less expensive surgery, but their eyes require a more expensive procedure. Our point is that no matter how hard an eye clinic tries to make things perfect, each person will respond differently to the experience. Be prepared to navigate your own fears and concerns with strong communication. What Eye Clinics in Seoul Provide? Now that you understand what to expect from the experience, let’s dig more into what the clinics provide. Premium Diagnostics & Technology Eye clinics in Seoul seem to compete to have the best and latest technology. They will tell you about their equipment and if you take notes you can easily go online and learn more. Many people find it comfort to know that Korea is not only up to date with global standards but sometimes ahead. The eye assessment allows the clinics to recommend the right surgery for each person’s situation. You can’t always just walk in and say, “I want LASIK.” Instead, the eye clinic will recommend the eye surgery options that fit your needs. Factors that impact which which type of surgery the recommend may impact surgery include: Sometimes hospitals provide these exams for free if you opt for surgery, others might have you pay for the exam and then you get a discount if you come back for the surgery. Others may charge for both the exam and the surgery. Make sure you clearly understand the payment costs and structure before your exam starts. Refractive Surgeries (for clearer vision without glasses) Seoul eye clinics pride themselves in staying on the cutting edge of techniques, equipment, and surgery types. Vision surgery keeps improving year by year, in Korea the clinics tend to offer: These procedures can correct nearsightedness, farsightedness, astigmatism, and even age-related presbyopia. Like we said before, this isn’t a situation where you get to choose what is right for you. Your eye health with choose that for you. Cataract & Presbyopia Surgery Now, not all eye surgery is vision correction surgery. Sometimes you will show up and find out that you have cataracts and that needs to be addressed first. As we age, the natural lens in our eyes can cloud or lose flexibility. Many eye clinics in Seoul offer advanced lens replacement surgeries, including monofocal, multifocal, and premium intraocular lenses (IOLs). Additionally, some clinics may offer newer technologies used in Western countries. Don’t be afraid if your eye clinic offers you a type of procedure that you’ve never heard of, just ask questions. These eye clinics know what they are doing and it’s worth learning more. Full Services for Foreign Patients Many of the Seoul base eye clinics go the extra mile for non-Korean speakers. They make sure to have bi-lingual staff, the offer package deals, the have easy to understand pricing, and they try to Multi-Year Guarantee One of the big benefits of doing eye surgery at a Seoul clinic at the beginning of your time in South Korea, is that they will do adjustments for free for 5 years. This means that if you have any covered vision shifts while staying in Korea, your clinic will make adjustments for you. We’ve known some people who needed to do this because their eyes changed a little over time. Excellent aspect of the eye clinic service. Addressing Common Concerns for English Speaking People Living in Korea The following are some of the questions we have come across: Now that we understand some of the standard questions people ask, let’s explore what you need to be asking if you live and work outside Seoul. Questions You Should Ask When Researching Eye Clinics in Seoul If you live and work outside of Seoul, we recommend making sure the following questions are answered before choosing a clinic: Remember, you can ask as many questions as possible to make sure that you find a clinic that comfortably fits into your work and life schedule. How We Chose English Speaking Eye Clinics for this List We get a lot requests about where to go for vision correction surgery in South Korea. When we went online to search for clinics to work with for eye exams, it was hard to find information that wasn’t being generated by medical tourism sites selling their services. Of course, there is nothing wrong with this and the resources are valid. However, we wanted to offer a more “boots on the ground” best of list for eye clinics. We talked to English language teachers, US Military-Affiliated people, and other international residents outside Seoul to find out where they went and what their experiences were with Seoul based eye clinics. We based this list of that research. The following eye clinics worked well with people who live outside of Seoul. The clinics not only did a great job on their vision correction, but they also understand the need to schedule services around jobs and daily life commitments. If you are an international resident in Korea how has had a great experience with a place not on this list, please let us know. We would love to expand it. We want spots that go out of their way to support international residents living in South Korea, especially in more rural areas. When to Get Vision Correction Surgery in Korea If you are living in South Korea, get vision correction surgery as soon as possible if it’s on your list of things to do. This is because your eyes can adjust over time and you want to take advantage of the 5 year guarantee. Don’t do this right before you leave, do it when you arrive so that you have the length of your work contract or military orders to see if you need any adjustments. This is one surgery you don’t want to put off until the last minute. 4 Best Clinics For International Residents In Korea We realize this is not an extensive or comprehensive list. As we do additional research and find other locations we can add, we will do just that. For now, these are the eye clinics in Seoul where international residents living in more rural areas or cities had excellent experiences commuting for services. Let Us Know What is Missing Do you have recommendations for how this article could be more helpful? Did you have a great experience at a clinic not not this list? Reach out to us and we will update! South of SeoulFounded in 2015, the South of Seoul team consists of volunteers on three continents working together to support English-speaking people traveling or living in South Korea. South of Seoul volunteers work with organizations and individuals across South Korea to improve equitable access to information across South Korea. Much of South of Seoul’s information focuses on Pyeongtaek, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea. Blogs published under the authorship of “South of Seoul” include blogs compiled by multiple volunteers to improve access to standardized information unrelated to individualized personal experiences. www.southofseoul.net

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Do you need help finding emergency shelters in Korea? We’ve got you! Importance of Emergency Shelters in South Korea If you live in South Korea, it’s important to know what to do in an emergency. Natural disasters such as floods, fires earthquakes – as well as civil emergencies such as military threats – can happen anywhere and at anytime. Not only can they happen, the happen often across the country. You NEED to have a plan in place for when you need a shelter. Access to Emergency Shelters In emergency situations, the South Korean government provides access to designated emergency shelters called 대피소 (daepiso). Designated places where people can evacuate temporarily and stay safe until the danger has passed. In the following post we will talk about: What Is an Emergency Shelter? An emergency shelter is a safe public place where people can go to avoid danger during a disaster or emergency. These shelters are temporary. People stay there only until it’s safe to return home. Shelters are open to everyone, including: When Are Shelters Used? The government encourages residents and citizens to use emergency shelters during: In most situations, the government will send out smart phone alerts telling people to evacuate to the nearest shelter. While official alerts often include instructions to move to a nearby shelter, not all emergencies are the same. Available When You Feel At Risk Keep in mind, there emergencies may occur on a smaller scale or without the government releasing an alert. If you feel at risk (even without a clear order) you’re allowed to go to a 대피소 (daepiso) for safety and support. It might feel awkward, but don’t let that hold you back. Take yourself to safety. If you are worried, take pictures of the issues that you need to escape to show to the people at the daepiso you intend to shelter at. Where Are Shelters Located? Emergency shelters in Korea are usually inside public buildings, such as: Look for signs that say 대피소 (pronounced dae-pi-so), often printed in red or green and white (as shown below). Also, remember that when it’s flooding you might not want to go to a daepiso in a submerged area like a basement. Choose one on higher land. Types of Emergency Shelters in Korea Not all emergency shelters are the same. Korea has different types of shelters depending on the type of emergency. Each type of shelter is located in specific buildings and may have different facilities or levels of protection. Here are the some of the main types of emergency shelters you may see in Korea: Type of Shelter Korean Name When Used General shelter 대피소 Most types of emergencies Earthquake shelter 지진 대피소 Earthquakes and aftershocks Civil defense shelter 민방위 대피소 Missile threats or war drills Temporary shelter 임시 대피소 Short-term situations (fire, flood) Cooling shelter 무더위 쉼터 Heatwaves in summer (for vulnerable people) How Will You Know to Go? South Korea has a well-developed emergency alert system. You may learn about an emergency through: In many cases, alerts will tell you where to go and what to do. In fact, sometimes including whether to use a 대피소 (daepiso). If this occurs, please act quickly to follow the evacuation notice. Even if the alert doesn’t mention shelters, you may still be able to access the nearest one if you feel unsafe, need help, or want to wait until the situation improves. Not all locations may be actively functioning as shelters at all times. However, many emergency shelters are located in public buildings (like government buildings or community centers) that may be open during typical business hours (9am – 5pm). Shelters are open to everyone We can’t say this enough, everyone in Korea has access to shelters including foreigners, and they do not require ID or permission to enter during an emergency. What Happens at a Shelter? The emergency shelter setup is designed for short-term safety and shelter, not long-term comfort, but it offers a secure place to wait until the danger passes. This means you may have access to very few comforts and many people also share the space. If you go to a shelter during an active emergency, here’s what you might expect: Important to know: How to Find an Emergency Shelter Here are the a few ways to locate shelters near you: Option 1: Use the Safety Korea App App name: 안전디딤돌 (Anjeon Didimdol)Language: Korean onlyPlatforms: Android | iOSFeatures: ⚠️ Note: The app is only available in Korean. If you don’t speak Korean, use a translation app like Papago or Google Translate with camera mode to navigate menus. Option 2: Use a Map App You can also search on Naver Map or Kakao Map: Option 3: Check City Websites Most Korean cities and counties have official government websites where they post: These websites are mostly in Korean, but you can access the information using browser translation tools. Some city websites have an English version of the site available. However, the English version may have limited inforamation, so it is often best to search the Korean version of the city website. How to Search for Your City’s Website Use this format in Google Search:[City name in Korean] + 시청 홈페이지 (city hall homepage) For example, 평택시 홈페이지 (Pyeongtaek City homepage) Then, search 대피소 on the city homepage to find more information about shelters in your area. Option 4: Call for Help with Evacuation 119 – Fire, Medical, and Natural Disaster Emergencies 120 – City Information & Local Services 1330 – Korea Travel Helpline Languages supported: English, Chinese, Japanese, Russian, Vietnamese, Thai, Malay, Indonesian, etc.✅ This is often the best number to call if you’re not sure who to contact. Helpful Korean Terms If you’re looking for shelter information online, asking for help, or reading emergency signs in public places, it helps to know a few Korean keywords. The following terms are commonly used on government websites, apps, signs, and alerts related to emergency safety. English Term Korean (Hangul) Emergency shelter 대피소 Earthquake shelter 지진 대피소 Civil defense shelter 민방위 대피소 Cooling center (summer) 무더위 쉼터 Shelter map 대피소 지도 Evacuation area 대피 장소 Temporary Shelter 임시 대피소 (limited locations listed on Naver and Kakao Maps – call 1330 to find more locations) Conclusion Emergencies can be stressful, especially in a foreign country where the language and systems may feel unfamiliar. Fortunately, South Korea has a well-organized network of emergency shelters and support systems in place to help keep residents and visitors safe. By learning what emergency shelters are, how to find them, and what to expect if you ever need to use one, you can feel more prepared and confident. Whether it’s a natural disaster, civil alert, or extreme weather, knowing your options ahead of time can make a real difference. Stay safe, stay informed, and don’t hesitate to reach out for help when you need it. Lisa Peck, MPH, CPHMs. Peck graduated from the University of Utah Asia Campus (UAC) in Incheon with a Master’s in Public Health and her Certification in Public Health (CPH). Ms. Peck also holds a Bachelor’s Degrees in Linguistics and one in International Studies with a Global Health emphasis. Ms. Peck is Korean American and speaks both English and Korean. She has moved between the US and Korea since childhood, finally settling in Korea after graduating from UAC. In 2021 Ms. Peck founded the South of Seoul Public Health Program which focuses on research and initiatives regarding the health and wellness of multinational residents in South Korea. Additionally, Ms. Peck oversees the SOS Public Health Graduate Student Practicum Program which provides mentorship and training for Master’s in Public Health students. The program works with two students a semester with a focus on ethical UX research design, survey development, and initiative implementation. www.southofseoul.net

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Have you ever needed to overcome a language barrier while accessing healthcare in Korea? Many of us have, even those who speak Korean somewhat fluently. Language barriers can be challenging but not impossible to navigate. This blog post offers some tips on how to overcome such language barriers that may help.

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Personal experiences are one of the best tools for learning in Korea. Our volunteer, Tara, shares how she manages tonsillitis and other common ailments without visiting a Doctor. Tara lives in Korea under the SOFA agreement and uses US-based health insurance. This is her story. My Lens on Healthcare in Korea Living in South Korea for many years has taught me just how reliable and affordable the Korean healthcare system can be. From local clinics to major hospitals, care is accessible and efficient. But, for me, what is one of the most underrated parts of healthcare in Korea? The neighborhood pharmacy. Navigating Korean pharmacies can initially seem daunting, but they are incredibly helpful. How I use Pharmacies in Korea As someone who deals with recurring tonsillitis, I’ve learned to recognize the early warning signs. The moment I feel that familiar scratch or swelling, I head straight to the nearest Korean pharmacy (약국). No clinic appointment needed. I explain my symptoms to the trained pharmacist, and they provide over-the-counter medication that helps stop the infection from getting worse. Over time, I’ve found that these pharmacies have not only helped me but also supported my family when visiting. From back pain to stomach bugs, I’ve picked up trusted remedies for my mother more than a few times while navigating Korean pharmacies. Why Korean Pharmacies Are a Great First Stop If you’re dealing with minor health concerns—think colds, indigestion, mild pain, or yes, even tonsillitis—a Korean pharmacy could be your first stop when living in Korea on foreign insurance. Pharmacists are well-trained and used to helping customers who may not speak fluent Korean. Many medications that require a prescription in other countries are available over the counter here, making access much easier, and navigating Korean pharmacies becomes simpler with experience. Pharmacy Language Barrier? We’ve Got You Covered That said, the language barrier can still be intimidating. That’s why the South of Seoul Public Health Team has created easy-to-use graphics with tips for navigating Korean pharmacies: You can save these to your phone or print them out so you’re always prepared. Whether you’re dealing with a sore throat, headache, or something more stomach-related, these guides can help take the stress out of the situation. Translation Tip: Use Papago or ChatGPT to Communicate Clearly If you’re unsure how to explain your symptoms in Korean, translation tools can be your best friend. Two of the most helpful options are: These tools can help you prepare ahead of time or assist you in real-time when you’re feeling unwell and communication becomes stressful. Navigating Korean pharmacies can be easier with these tools at your disposal. Search Tip: How to Search for Pharmacies on Naver Maps Need to find a nearby pharmacy fast? Open Naver Maps and copy/paste the word “약국” (yakguk) into the search bar. This will show you all nearby pharmacies, complete with hours, reviews, and directions. You can also search “24시 약국” if you need a 24-hour pharmacy. Navigating Korean pharmacies is simpler with Naver Maps. Final Thoughts My years here have taught me to trust the Korean health care system, but more importantly, to trust the neighborhood pharmacy. When you’re sick and overwhelmed, it’s good to know you have options that are quick, reliable, and budget-friendly. Navigating Korean pharmacies has become second nature to me over time. So the next time you’re not feeling your best, don’t panic. Just walk to your closest pharmacy, use the South of Seoul graphics, and get the help you need—without the hassle. Disclaimer This post shares personal experiences and general information. It is not medical advice. Always consult a healthcare professional for diagnosis and treatment. South of Seoul is not responsible for medical decisions made based on this content. Tara Popp, MA. EdTara Popp holds a Master of Arts degree in Youth Development with an emphasis on youth and technology and a Bachelor of Arts degree in English with a concentration in Romantic and Modern literature and poetry.  Ms. Popp was born and raised in Seoul for 30+ years as a Korean-American living around military and civilian communities. She moved down to Pyeongtaek officially in 2018.  Though she misses the big city life in Seoul, she has grown to love the Pyeongtaek area and country living. Ms. Popp has many hobbies and interests and is a long-time blogger and user of social media.  She also enjoys visiting new restaurants and cafes, of which she actively shares her foodie adventures on Pyeongtaek Food & Fun and other social media platforms and groups.  She recently joined South of Seoul as a volunteer, and she continues to come up with ideas on how to share her unique experiences with the Pyeongtaek community. When she is not volunteering, you can find her reading on her Kindle, playing video games on her many handheld consoles, and wandering around the streets of Pyeongtaek to look for new places to try and love.

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When living in South Korea, understanding how to find over-the-counter (OTC) medicine might feel a bit daunting at first. Pharmacies (약국, yakguk) are the main place to go for most OTC medications. However, the availability and process may differ slightly from what you’re used to in your home country. This blog post provides an overview of commonly used OTC medications in Korea and products and tips for finding what you need. While we hope this guide helps you get started, please remember that pharmacists and doctors should always be your primary source of information regarding your health. Listen to the BlogCast Don’t want to read? Listen to the South of Seoul BlogCast which provides accessible content through the use of AI technology. We don’t have time to read each article but we do our best to make more of our content accessible. If you would like to join our Accessibility Team apply to volunteer with South of Seoul. How Do Pharmacies Work in Korea? Pharmacies in South Korea operate a bit differently from some other countries. Let’s take a look at some of the common areas points of culture shock for international residents when they first use Korean pharmacies: Medicines Behind the Counter Instead of browsing aisles for what you need, the pharmacist keeps pharmaceutical medications behind the counter (pictured below) and gets what you need on request. That’s right, in Korea, many pharmaceutical medicines are not displayed on open shelves where you can pick them up like in some other countries. This includes common OTC products like pain relievers, cold medicine, and even bandages in some cases. Vitamins are often available to browse, but not pharmaceuticals. To get OTC medications, you can either ask the pharmacist for a specific medication or you can describe your symptoms to them and ask what they recommend. Language Barrier Once again, you must communicate directly with the pharmacist (약사) even if you don’t speak Korean. Thankfully, many pharmacists (약사) understand some English and a surprising amount even speak English. However, if they do not, translation apps like Papago or Google translate exist to help you with direct translation. Or, for more specific support utilize AI tools like the South of Seoul AI Intern (look for the dialogue icon in the bottom right of this blog post) or Chat GPT. Different Perscriptions Requirements Some OTC medicines in other countries may not be OTC in Korea and require a prescription. Additionally, some medications which are prescribed in other countries may be OTC in Korea. You need to do your research on how to access the medications you require. This could include visiting a local doctors office. Korean Medicine Alternatives Some pharmacists are trained in both Western and Traditional medications. This means they offer both pharmaceutical and traditional OTC medicine options. If you offer up your symptoms, they may ask you which type of medication you prefer. Corporate Affiliations Keep in mind that clinics and pharmacies have relationships with certain drug manufacturers. For the purpose of OTC medications, this means that not every pharmacy offers the exact same brands of medications. Locations Pharmacists can be found near medical facilities in most neighborhoods in South Korea. Look for the green or red cross sign with the Korean word “약” (pictured below) in your neighborhood to find a pharmacy nearby. Sometimes it feels hard to find a pharmacy at first when you aren’t used to looking for the term 약. Often Closed on Sundays Although this is slowly changing, most pharmacies are closed on Sundays and some are closed all weekend. Especially in quieter or more rural areas. Look on Naver to find pharmacy hours and to find the closest one to you that is open. Are Brand-Name Medicines the Same Across Countries? You may notice familiar brand-name medicines like Tylenol (타이레놀) and Zyrtec (지르텍) on pharmacy shelves in Korea. However, just because you can’t find the brand name it doesn’t mean they don’t have the medication. You may simply need to ask for the primary active ingredient in order to find a reliable alternative. For example, if you wanted to find Pepcide AC, you would look for 파모티딘 (Famotidine). You can use ChatGPT to find the generic names of brand name medications. Such alternative medicines generally contain the same active ingredients as their U.S. counterparts. Presentation Some differences in the presentation of OTC medications may exist in Korea. This can feel uncomfortable at first. Such differences could include packaging (often blister packs instead of bottles), dosage amounts, number of pills packaged together, and availability can vary. For example, in South Korea, Tylenol dosages start at 500mg but in the US the over-the-counter dosage starts at 325mg so you need to read dosages carefully. Know what dosages you generally take and how they might differ in Korea to avoid overdose issues. More Generics Korean pharmacists may also recommend generic alternatives or local brands, which can often be more affordable. If unsure, ask for the medicine by its active ingredient or consult the pharmacist for the closest equivalent. For unique medicines or specific formulations (e.g., extended-release), it can be helpful to bring a small supply from home. Have your language tools such as Papago ready if you don’t speak Korean. To help you get comfortable with your search, let’s learn what OTC medicines and products are available in Korea. Common Over-the-Counter Medicines Below are examples of OTC medicines found in South Korea that you might find helpful. Keep in mind, this list is not comprehensive. Cost, availability, and brand names may vary between pharmacies. OTC Pain Relievers and Fever Reducers (진통제, jintongje) Pain relievers are some of the most frequently used OTC medications for headaches, minor pains, or fevers. The most commonly used pain relievers found in pharmacies are listed below. Name (Korean) Use Cost Range Prescription Needed? *Tylenol (타이레놀) Pain, fever relief ₩2,000–₩5,000 No (higher doses: Yes) Ibuprofen (이부프로펜) Pain, inflammation relief ₩2,000–₩5,000 No (higher doses: Yes) Aspirin (아스피린) Pain, fever relief ₩2,000–₩4,000 No *Some pain relievers, such as Tylenol, may also be found at your local convenience store. Considerations: OTC Cold and Flu Medicines (감기약, gamgiyak) If you’re dealing with cold or flu symptoms, there are OTC combination medicines available that address multiple symptoms. Name (Korean) Use Cost Range Prescription Needed? Penzal Q (펜잘큐) Headaches, fatigue, mild colds ₩4,000–₩8,000 No Panpyrin (판피린) General cold and flu symptoms ₩5,000–₩8,000 No Decolgen (데콜진) Nasal congestion, cold relief ₩4,000–₩6,000 No Considerations: OTC Digestive Aids (소화제, sohwaje) For minor stomach discomfort or digestion issues, OTC digestive aids can be very useful. Name (Korean) Use Cost Range Prescription Needed? Buscopan (부스코판) Stomach cramps ₩4,000–₩6,000 No Gas Pills (가스활명수) Indigestion, bloating relief ₩4,000–₩8,000 No Probiotics (프로바이오틱스) Gut health support ₩10,000–₩30,000 No Considerations: OTC Antihistimines (항히스타민제, hanghistaminje) South Korea experiences significant seasonal changes, so OTC allergy medications can be helpful for managing symptoms. There are also numerous less expensive Korean brands that have the same ingredients and results. Name (Korean) Use Cost Range Prescription Needed? Zyrtec (지르텍) Sneezing, rash relief ₩6,000–₩10,000 No Clarityn (클라리틴) Non-drowsy allergy aid ₩6,000–₩10,000 No Xyzal (지르텍 D) Severe allergy relief ₩6,000–₩12,000 Sometimes Considerations: OTC Birth Control (피임약, pi-imyak) Birth control is available OTC without a prescription in South Korea, but emergency contraception requires a doctor’s approval. Name (Korean) Use Cost Range Prescription Needed? Regular Pills (머시론) Prevent pregnancy ₩6,000–₩15,000 No Emergency Contraception (사후 피임약) After unprotected intercourse ₩20,000–₩40,000 Yes Condoms (콘돔) STI prevention, contraception ₩5,000–₩15,000 No Considerations: OTC Pregnancy Tests (임신 테스트기, imsin teseuteugi) Pregnancy tests are a common OTC product sold at pharmacies and convenience stores. Name (Korean) Use Cost Range Prescription Needed? Generic Pregnancy Tests (임신 테스트기) Detect pregnancy ₩2,000–₩10,000 No Considerations: Finding a Pharmacy (약국, yakguk) If you need help finding a pharmacy, Naver Maps (네이버 지도) is one of the best tools to use. Final Considerations Pharmacies in South Korea are reliable, affordable, and well-stocked with options for minor health concerns. However, availability may differ depending on the pharmacy, and some items might require a prescription even if they’re OTC in your home country. If you’re ever unsure, don’t hesitate to ask the pharmacist for advice. As always, if symptoms persist or worsen, please visit a doctor or hospital for professional care. Follow SOS Public Health for More Resources Follow us on Instagram or Facebook to stay updated on SOS Public Health Initiatives. If you have questions about healthcare in Korea, visit the Health and Wellness in Korea Facebook Group, or feel free to message SOS Public Health with any questions or concerns. Lisa Peck, MPH, CPHMs. Peck graduated from the University of Utah Asia Campus (UAC) in Incheon with a Master’s in Public Health and her Certification in Public Health (CPH). Ms. Peck also holds a Bachelor’s Degrees in Linguistics and one in International Studies with a Global Health emphasis. Ms. Peck is Korean American and speaks both English and Korean. She has moved between the US and Korea since childhood, finally settling in Korea after graduating from UAC. In 2021 Ms. Peck founded the South of Seoul Public Health Program which focuses on research and initiatives regarding the health and wellness of multinational residents in South Korea. Additionally, Ms. Peck oversees the SOS Public Health Graduate Student Practicum Program which provides mentorship and training for Master’s in Public Health students. The program works with two students a semester with a focus on ethical UX research design, survey development, and initiative implementation. www.southofseoul.net

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Interested in accessing traditional medicine in South Korea? I’ve been visiting such clinics for the last 14 years and recently started using AI to better understand the teas I experience. So here is how I use AI to navigate Korean Traditional Medicine teas. Disclaimers & Foundational Information Nothing in this post exists as medical advice. Neither AI nor myself hold any medical training. You should always consult your physician regarding anything to do with your health. Additionally, AI information often has intense errors. You need to validate any information produced by AI or written online by bloggers since ever person’s needs are unique. The following offers a potential way to reduce the language barrier in South Korea so that you can ask better questions and improve your understanding regarding what doctors prescribe. Hanwiwon v. Traditional Medicine Let’s be clear, hanwiwons do not replace hospitals and vice versa. I still use the hospital for any illness, sickness, disease, or injury. However, in my case, much of my pain comes from issues that traditional medicine can’t solve. However, Korean traditional medicine clinics have great resources filled with the support my body needs. Since it’s affordable, easy to access, and paid for by Korean National Health Insurance – I will use that support as much as possible. What is a Korean Traditional Medicine Clinic? Korean traditional medicine clinics offer services focused on holistic well-being. They aren’t trying to cure all your illnesses but support your daily functioning and improve how your body processes things. Three common services offered at most clinics include: Acupuncture (침술) Using thin needles to stimulate specific body points, relieves pain and balances energy. Cupping Therapy (부항요법) Suction cups are placed on the skin, which may help improve blood flow. Herbal Teas and Formulas (한약) Tailored blends are prescribed based on individual health needs, often brewed from a mix of roots, herbs, and medicinal plants. This was what we will talk about understanding today. Framing My Experience with Korean Traditional Medicine Teas As a long-term resident in South Korea, I’ve come to rely on traditional Korean medicine clinics for various wellness needs. Due to a wide variety of genetic gifts, I need consistent wellness support to maintain my active and busy lifestyle. Since my pain level exceeded my caring level, I did not bother learning about the prescribed Korean Traditional Medicine teas. If I didn’t die, I kept drinking it. Based on the number of prescription opiates doctors forced me to take as a kid, I figured any tea they gave me was better than that. However, after partnering with the Songtan Traditional Market to host Vendor Visits, it piqued my interest in knowing what I consume. The interest turned to action after visiting a new Hanwiwon in Gangwon-do where the tea stopped all the pain for 6 days. However, with the language barrier and my general laziness, I wanted to learn more from the comfort of my own sofa without searching for hours so I turned to ChatGPT. Navigating Information with AI Tools I decided to use my own advice and use AI tools analyze the tea that dramatically improved my stomach function and eliminated most of my chronic pain. Deciphering the Herbal Ingredients with AI Specifically, I uploaded a photo of my herbal tea packet into a paid version of ChatGPT. Then I needed to design my prompt. I wanted to know the English/Latin names of the ingredients, and what they treated. Example AI Prompt: Every AI interaction requires you to create a prompt asking for what you need. For this, I wanted an organized way to quickly understand my tea. Since the tea impacted my chronic issues, I suspected it had a lot of vitamin B, magnesium, and potassium. I also wanted to know why a tea that I took after acupuncture for my elbow impacted my stomach and joints. Therefore, I created the following prompt: Read the image, explain the tea ingredients. Include such things as the ingredient name in English and Korean, the vitamins, minerals, and what it’s commonly used to treat. The Result: ChatGPT: Certainly! Here’s a draft for a blog post about the medicinal roots commonly used in Korean herbal medicine, detailing their nutrients, health benefits, and traditional applications: Ginseng Root (인삼 / Insam) Nutrients Health BenefitsGinseng, or insam in Korean, is one of the most well-known roots in herbal medicine worldwide. It’s revered for its adaptogenic properties, helping the body adapt to stress and enhancing overall energy levels. The ginsenosides in ginseng can improve immune function, mental performance, and reduce fatigue. Common UsesGinseng is commonly used to boost energy, increase resilience to stress, and support immune health. It’s often consumed as a tea, added to soups, or used in supplement form to maintain stamina and vitality. Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome (백출 / Baekchul) Nutrients Health BenefitsBaekchul, or Atractylodes root, is mainly used to support digestive health and strengthen the spleen and stomach. It is thought to boost energy levels, reduce bloating, and regulate digestion, making it popular for those dealing with digestive discomfort. Common UsesAtractylodes is often included in formulas to promote digestive health and is especially useful for those with digestive imbalances. It can help with issues such as lack of appetite, bloating, and general fatigue. Poria Cocos Fungus (복령 / Bokryeong) Nutrients Health BenefitsBokryeong, or Poria, is a type of medicinal mushroom often used to promote calmness and reduce water retention. Known for its calming and diuretic effects, Poria is believed to support kidney function and promote mental clarity. Common UsesPoria is typically used to relieve anxiety, reduce bloating, and promote urination. It’s often added to formulas aimed at calming the mind and balancing water levels in the body, making it suitable for those with stress-induced tension. Licorice Root (감초 / Gamcho) Nutrients Health BenefitsLicorice root, or gamcho in Korean, is a versatile herb used in many traditional medicines. It’s known for its ability to reduce inflammation, soothe the digestive tract, and relieve respiratory issues. Glycyrrhizin, the primary active compound, has potent anti-inflammatory properties that make licorice root effective for respiratory and digestive health. Common UsesLicorice root is commonly used to alleviate sore throats, digestive discomfort, and inflammation. It also helps balance the effects of other herbs in formulas, acting as a harmonizer. You’ll often find it in traditional cough remedies and digestive tonics. Cnidium Officinale Root (천궁 / Cheongung) Nutrients Health BenefitsKnown as cheongung in Korean, Cnidium root is traditionally used to improve circulation and relieve pain. It is especially valued for its role in supporting menstrual health and easing discomfort due to its circulatory benefits. Ferulic acid and ligustilide contribute to its pain-relieving effects and antioxidant properties. Common UsesThis root is typically used to alleviate headaches, menstrual cramps, and improve circulation. It’s commonly included in formulas for women’s health, especially for balancing the menstrual cycle. Angelica Gigas Root (당귀 / Danggui) Nutrients Health BenefitsDanggui, or Angelica root, is sometimes called the “female ginseng” because of its significance in supporting women’s health. Rich in iron and other nutrients that support blood health, it is used to nourish the blood, regulate the menstrual cycle, and alleviate menstrual pain. Phytoestrogens present in Angelica can help with hormone regulation. Common UsesAngelica is widely used in traditional formulas aimed at supporting menstrual health and relieving cramps. It’s also used to nourish the blood, making it beneficial for those with fatigue and blood deficiency. What I Learned After reading through the tea ingredients I found my answers. The tea prescribed by the Traditional Medicine doctor in the mountains contains all of the vitamins my system struggle to sustain. Therfore, it makes sense that it impacted me in a positive way that sustained itself for days. Additional Questions Learning that the ingredients could impact the systems in my body that struggle, I wanted to know more about how it could impact me. Therefore, I designed prompts to reflect my exact conditions which I will not include here because that’s not for the internet. Instead, I will use high blood pressure as an example. Example Prompt: What should I know about this tea if I have high blood pressure? Example Result: Here are the results based on someone with blood pressure: If you have high blood pressure, it’s essential to consider how certain herbs in this tea might affect it. Here are some key points to be aware of: 1. Licorice Root (감초 / Gamcho) 2. Ginseng Root (인삼 / Insam) 3. Angelica Gigas Root (당귀 / Danggui) 4. General Tips for Consumption with High Blood Pressure Final Advice For those with high blood pressure, it’s best to approach herbal teas with caution, especially if they contain licorice or ginseng. Consulting with a healthcare provider familiar with herbal medicine can offer tailored guidance based on your specific health needs and medications. Example AI Prompt: Of course, if you have high blood pressure you might take medications and you need to know about potential drug interactions. How might this tea interact with perscription blood pressure medicine? Example Result: There turned out to be an important question to ask: If you’re on prescription blood pressure medications, certain herbs in this tea could interact with them, potentially altering the effectiveness or intensifying side effects. Here’s a breakdown of how each herb might interact with blood pressure medications: 1. Licorice Root (감초 / Gamcho) 2. Ginseng Root (인삼 / Insam) 3. Poria Cocos Fungus (복령 / Bokryeong) 4. Angelica Gigas Root (당귀 / Danggui) 5. Cnidium Officinale Root (천궁 / Cheongung) General Guidelines In summary, licorice root is the most likely to interfere with blood pressure medications, while other herbs may have milder or indirect interactions. Always exercise caution with herbal teas if you’re managing high blood pressure with prescription medication Additional Research After you complete the foundation AI research, you also need to validate the data regarding the Korean Traditional Medicine teas. Using the AI Information, source keywords for finding additional research and articles regarding each of the ingredients. After you have further research, ask your traditional medicine provider more specific questions about the tea. Verify everything. Additional Articles Other articles you may find useful: Lanae Rivers-Woods, MAITLanae Rivers-Woods moved to Korea in 2011 where she lives in the countryside with her family, friends, and puppies. She holds a BSSW (Bachelor’s of Science in Social Work), a MAIT (Master’s of Arts in International Teaching), and registered by the Pyeongtaek Korean Times with the Korean government as a Cultural Expert. Ms. Rivers-Woods used her 15 years experience as a social architect, UX/UI designer, and technology consultant to found South of Seoul in 2015. South of Seoul is a volunteer organization that leverages technological tools to mitigate cultural dissonance in multi-cultural communities. Through South of Seoul, Ms. Rivers-Woods works with independent volunteers, non-profit organizations, businesses, local & federal government, universities, and US military organizations to develop solutions to support English speaking international residents in rural South Korea. Additionally, Ms. Rivers-Woods founded the South of Seoul smart phone app available for Google Play and iPhone. The app provides information a resources for those living and traveling in South Korea. When she isn’t in South of Seoul development meetings or working her day job, Ms. Rivers-Woods loves to be outside at skate parks, the beach, or playing in the mountains. www.southofseoul.net

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Interested in seeking an ADHD diagnosis in South Korea? Wondering about the types of ADHD treatments in Korea? According to our research, we’ve found medication, behavioral therapy, and digital therapies used in Korea. About Our ADHD Information South of Seoul public health information is not medical advice. We research information and share what we find so that you can seek medical advice as needed. About ADHD Treatments in South Korea Although South Korea may not offer the same ADHD treatments as those available in your home country, South Korea increasingly embraces diverse ADHD treatments. This means that each year treatment options may expand and change so you need to continue to stay connected with your care provider. Such treatments may range from traditional medication to newer, innovative therapies. Here’s a look at the main options for ADHD treatments in Korea: Medication The most common medications prescribed in Korea for ADHD are stimulants such as methylphenidate (Concerta, Ritalin) and non-stimulants like atomoxetine (Strattera). These are widely available but require a prescription from a psychiatrist. Here is a more complete list: Here’s a list of ADHD medications available in South Korea, along with their Korean names: Methylphenidate (Commonly Prescribed) Lisdexamfetamine (Uncommon) Dexmethylphenidate Atomoxetine (Commonly Prescribed) Guanfacine Each of these medications is typically available through prescription by a psychiatrist in South Korea, and some may require special documentation due to their controlled status. Also, remember that Korea continues to offer new medications and treatments each year. Check with your doctor to see if new medications exist for you to try. Behavioral Therapy Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is becoming more popular as a supplementary treatment for both children and adults. Many clinics offer sessions designed to improve executive functioning, emotional regulation, and coping skills. For this type of therapy, we recommend seeking out English-speaking mental health clinics. These can often be found near US military installations in cities like Pyeongtaek-si. You can find a list of Pyeongtaek-si mental health clinics here. Digital Therapies New to Korea are digital therapies, such as apps and video games designed to help children improve focus and self-control. For instance, recent studies are looking into game-based ADHD interventions that can complement traditional therapies. Korea is also at the forefront of integrating AI-based learning tools that personalize therapy for ADHD patients. Learn More About ADHD in Korea Wondering how to get assessed for ADHD in South Korea and how much it may cost? Please read the following South of Seoul articles and ask your community! South of SeoulFounded in 2015, the South of Seoul team consists of volunteers on three continents working together to support English-speaking people traveling or living in South Korea. South of Seoul volunteers work with organizations and individuals across South Korea to improve equitable access to information across South Korea. Much of South of Seoul’s information focuses on Pyeongtaek, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea. Blogs published under the authorship of “South of Seoul” include blogs compiled by multiple volunteers to improve access to standardized information unrelated to individualized personal experiences. www.southofseoul.net

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The following blog post is for both adults and children who need ADHD assessments while living in South Korea. We will discuss the terms you need to find an assessment location near you, paths to ADHD assessment, how the assessment works, cost for different types of assessments, and social issues around being assessed. This blog post includes both online research and the lived experiences of international residents seeking treatment in South Korea. About ADHD Assessments in South Korea Despite what you may see represented in many English language posts, Korea has become increasingly interested in ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder) diagnosis and treatments. In fact, South Korea’s cultural awareness of mental health issues continues to grow each year. While ADHD assessments were once primarily for children, there is now recognition of ADHD in adults, prompting a rise in demand for accurate diagnosis and treatment. Recent Research in ADHD in Korea Over the last decade, research on ADHD in Korea by Korean researchers has advanced dramatically. That’s because South Korea becomes increasingly focused on mental health every year. In fact, studies published by universities like Yonsei University and Seoul National University have explored ADHD in both children and adults, examining not only diagnosis and treatment but also cultural factors that may affect the recognition of ADHD in Korea. One notable study highlighted that ADHD diagnosis rates in Korea have risen in recent years, but there is still underdiagnosis, particularly in adults. Much like in the United States, the stigma associated with mental health has led to late diagnoses in many individuals. Researchers are also investigating how ADHD symptoms manifest differently in Korea compared to Western countries. For instance, one study found that Korean children with ADHD are less likely to display hyperactivity and more likely to experience difficulty with attention and academic performance. This means you can feel comfortable seeking and ADHD assessment while living in South Korea. Assessment and treatment are available and supported by insurance. Remember, just like all countries around the world, care varies around the country so take time to find the right assessment clinic for your needs. Here is a guide to help you get started. About this ADHD Assessment Guide In this guide, South of Seoul will walk you through the process of getting assessed for ADHD in Korea. The guide works for both adults and children. The South of Seoul guide does not represent medical advice regarding ADHD. It’s simply a documentation of experiences by English-speaking international residents in South Korea seeking ADHD diagnosis. Recognizing ADHD Symptoms Whether you’re an expat or a Korean national, the first step is understanding the symptoms of ADHD, which include difficulty focusing, impulsivity, restlessness, and difficulty completing tasks. ADHD can present differently in children versus adults, and this is crucial when seeking help. In adults, for instance, ADHD may manifest more as difficulty managing time, forgetfulness, or constant procrastination. Possible Locations Offering ADHD Assessment If you recognize ADHD, now it’s time to find a place to get a diagnosis. In South Korea, ADHD is generally diagnosed by psychiatrists (정신과 의사). However, some larger hospitals may have specialized departments focused on neurodevelopmental or behavioral conditions. Here’s how to navigate the system: Large General Hospitals (대형 병원) If you prefer an institutional setting, major university hospitals like Seoul National University Hospital or Asan Medical Center have psychiatry departments where ADHD assessments are conducted. You may need to get a referral from a general physician (내과) first in order for it to cost less or get an appointment faster. We do not like this choice because large hospitals exist too far from home, tend to cost more, and have longer wait times. Local Psychiatric Clinics (정신건강의학과 의원) Don’t have time to go to Seoul and want your doctor near your home? There are many smaller psychiatric clinics across Korea where patients can get ADHD assessments. Search for “ADHD 진단” (ADHD diagnosis) or “성인 ADHD” (adult ADHD) to find local providers, particularly if you’re looking for an English-speaking doctor. We highly recommend starting here. In fact, searching 성인 ADHD on Naver blogs helped us find clinics for our South of Seoul community volunteer to try. Pediatric Clinics for Children For children, developmental pediatricians (소아청소년과) and child psychologists (아동심리상담사) may provide the initial assessments. They often conduct psychological tests and observations to confirm ADHD in younger patients. More Specific Search Terms If you need even more specific search terms, you can try some of the following. Search Terms for ADHD Assessment for Adults Search Terms for ADHD Assessment for Children Researching Clinics Choosing a clinic might exist as the most stressful part of the ADHD assessment process. Of course, the clinics websites are not in English. Our volunteers used the Google Translate extension in Chrome to translate the websites into English and find the best option for our needs. We found clinics that mentioned English consultations possible. Keep in mind, this was written in Korean on the site. We will not gaslight you that finding an ADHD assessment location feels easy or fun. You will feel a lot of stress so consider finding a friend to go with you. It could be that you need to try a few clinics until you find a good fit. Just keep going. You can do it. Our volunteer was very lucky and liked the first clinic she went to. The ADHD Diagnosis Process Our South of Seoul community volunteer used the information in this guide to get an ADHD diagnosis using Korean National Insurance. The following steps represent their lived experience seeking ADHD treatment. You may experience slightly different steps depending on the clinic or hospital you visit. Keep in mind that your experiences may differ. Possible Steps in Your ADHD Assessment Process Based on our research on Naver blogs, reading various clinic information on ADHD, and listening to lived experiences we created a list of possible elements you might experience during an ADHD test at a Korean Psyciatric Clinic in South Korea. The following elements could occur in any order and generally occur across 1 or 2 visits. Lived Experience of Adult Female Seeking ADHD Assessment For our South of Seoul’s community volunteer, they visited a Korean Psychiatric Clinic in Pyeongtaek-si. They documented their experience and shared it with SOS Public Health. Their ADHD assessment included the following elements: The entire process of their adult ADHD assessment, diagnosis, and medication took 1 visit that lasted about 2 hours. It cost 150,000 KRW with NHIS. Alternative US Style Assessment Route If you have foreign insurance, specifically insurance from the United States, you can find US style ADHD assessments at locations near US Military bases. Specifically near Camp Humphreys. Such assessments cost around 3,500,000 or 5,000,000 KRW. However, medication can’t be prescribed at such locations. Depending on your insurance, some of the cost may be covered by your insurance. More About ADHD in South Korea We’ve also completed a number of other articles about ADHD in South Korea. Read them here: South of SeoulFounded in 2015, the South of Seoul team consists of volunteers on three continents working together to support English-speaking people traveling or living in South Korea. South of Seoul volunteers work with organizations and individuals across South Korea to improve equitable access to information across South Korea. Much of South of Seoul’s information focuses on Pyeongtaek, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea. Blogs published under the authorship of “South of Seoul” include blogs compiled by multiple volunteers to improve access to standardized information unrelated to individualized personal experiences. www.southofseoul.net

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The cost of ADHD assessments in Korea might surprise you. Depending on where you choose to go, it’s very cheap or very expensive. In the following blog post, we will talk about assessments at Korean psychiatric clinics v. assessments at mental health clinics near US military bases using international insurance. Healthcare and Insurance in Korea Did you know that not all international residents living in South Korea don’t all have the same type of health insurance? For example, SOFA-status (those affiliated with the US military) use international health insurance while living in South Korea. The South of Seoul community has Korean NHIS and international insurance users. Therefore, the following post will talk about the cost of ADHD assessments in Korea under each insurance system. We will begin with NHIS information and move into foreign insurance information. Korean National Health Insurance (NHIS) Users If you have Korean National Health Insurance (국민건강보험) generally covers part of the cost of your ADHD assessment. However, always check with the clinic you choose about the cost of services before starting your assessment. For example, NHIS may not fully cover some private clinics or the clinic may not take NHIS. Estimated Cost Diagnosis through National Health Insurance On Naver Blogs, South of Seoul researchers found the following breakdown for ADHD assessment costs: Psychiatrist Consultation: Initial consultations with a psychiatrist in South Korea typically cost between 30,000 to 50,000 KRW (22 to 37 USD) with NHIS coverage. Assessment and Diagnostic Tests: The diagnostic process may include questionnaires, neuropsychological tests, and interviews. Such events can cost an additional 50,000 to 100,000 KRW (37 to 75 USD) under the national insurance system. Lived Experience of Diagnostic Costs When our South of Seoul community member went for their ADHD assessment it cost 150,000 KRW. This cost matched exactly with the information found on Naver blogs. They received their ADHD assessment in 2024 from a private clinic in Pyeongtaek-si, Gyeonggi-do. We recommend asking the price upfront when you visit the clinic near you for your ADHD assessment. Prices for services can always change over time and between areas or clinics. International Health Insurance Users For foreigners using international insurance, always contact insurance to confirm your plan covers the psychiatric services you seek. Additionally, you may want to find a clinic where someone speaks English to help you manage insurance issues. Therefore, you may want to use the mental health centers near US military bases that cater to foreign insurance. Please note, that the cost of getting diagnosed for ADHD varies significantly between South Korea and the U.S. The price difference does not denote a difference in the quality of care. Instead, factors such as the healthcare system, insurance coverage, and the type of medical facility used impact pricing models. This means that if you want to follow US insurance system standards for an ADHD evaluation while living in South Korea the cost of assessment and medication may increase dramatically. Estimated Cost of Diagnosis at Korean Psychiatric Clinic with International Insurance The following estimates are a mix of ChatGPT information and interviews with the mental healthcare providers serving the US military in Pyeongtaek-si. We need ChatGPT to estimate an average for USA insurance costs. Please contact your insurance provider to learn your specific situation. Psychiatrist Consultation: With insurance, the copay for a psychiatrist visit might range from 30 to 100 USD, depending on your insurance plan. Assessment and Diagnostic Tests: These can cost between 100 to 500 USD if partially covered by insurance. Some tests may require additional payments depending on the type and comprehensiveness of the assessments. Out of Pocket Expense for US-Style Diagnosis Without Insurance Since we couldn’t find the costs online, SOS Public Health volunteers interviewed mental health clinics near US military bases. The mental health clinics quoted the following cost for a US-style ADHD assessment while living in South Korea: Diagnosis without Insurance at a Psychiatric Clinic You can visit Korean psychiatric clinics without insurance or choose to pay out of pocket when seeking an ADHD diagnosis. If you don’t have NHIS (such as for foreigners on a short-term visa) or choose to visit a private clinic, you may pay the full amount out of pocket. We do not know the exact cost of the process but we can provide an estimate. The initial consultations at private clinics might cost between 100,000 to 200,000 KRW (75 to 150 USD). The additional tests and psychological assessments may cost up to 200,000 KRW (150 USD) depending on the clinic. The total cost could be around 400,000 KRW (350 USD). Keep in mind, that these numbers reflect a smaller neighborhood clinic. Some of the larger, internationally known hospitals like Samsung Medical Center or Seoul National University Hospital may charge more for services. Now you better understand the cost of ADHD assessments in Korea. Time to look at the process for getting assessed in a Korean Psychiatric clinic. Getting Assessed for ADHD in Korea Getting assessed for ADHD in Korea feels like a straightforward process when you know where to go and what to expect. Therefore, we created an ADHD Asessment Guide for international residents to demystify the process. With a growing number of treatment options and research studies, ADHD care in Korea is becoming more accessible for both children and adults. Whether through medication, behavioral therapy, or digital innovations, Korea offers diverse options for managing ADHD. Please, don’t hesitate to seek assessment, treatment, and support for ADHD. South of SeoulFounded in 2015, the South of Seoul team consists of volunteers on three continents working together to support English-speaking people traveling or living in South Korea. South of Seoul volunteers work with organizations and individuals across South Korea to improve equitable access to information across South Korea. Much of South of Seoul’s information focuses on Pyeongtaek, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea. Blogs published under the authorship of “South of Seoul” include blogs compiled by multiple volunteers to improve access to standardized information unrelated to individualized personal experiences. www.southofseoul.net

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Unfortunately, we learned about blood types that may face difficulties in finding donations in Korea the tragic way. Therefore, researching this information so that international residents interested in moving to Korea understand 1) the potential risks for certain blood types and 2) the importance of donating blood. Let’s talk about this very serious life-and-death issue. Globally, Blood Types Vary The issue of blood type availability is not unique to Korea. Blood type availability in the medical field varies significantly by country due to differences in blood type distribution, donation systems, and healthcare infrastructure. In countries like the United States and most of Europe, blood types O+ and A+ are the most common, making them generally more available for medical use. However, countries such as South Korea and Japan have a higher prevalence of blood types like B+ and AB+, which are relatively rare in Western nations. In fact, the availability of Rh-negative blood types, such as O- and A-, is a challenge in many Asian countries. In such Asian countries, Rh-negative blood is very rare, comprising less than 1% of the population in places like Korea and Japan. To address these shortages, countries implement various strategies such as targeted blood donation campaigns, blood management systems, and international cooperation for rare blood types. The disparities in blood type distribution require tailored approaches to ensure an adequate supply, especially during emergencies and for patients with rare blood types. Let’s talk about how such issue manifest in South Korea so that you know how they may impact you or your loved ones. Blood Types That May Face Difficulties in Finding Donations in Korea In South Korea, much like other Asian countries, negative blood types remain difficult to access. Such negative blood types include: O- (Negative) A- (Negative) B- (Negative) AB- (Negative) Why These Blood Types Struggle in South Korea Low Prevalence of Rh-Negative Blood Types In South Korea, Rh-negative blood types (O-, A-, B-, AB-) are very rare, with an estimated 0.3% of the population being Rh-negative. This makes it more difficult for Rh-negative individuals to find compatible donors. Smaller Donor Pool With a smaller population of Rh-negative individuals, the blood donation system is less likely to have a robust supply of these rare blood types readily available. Nationalities with Higher Proportions of Rh-Negative Blood Types The distribution of Rh-negative blood types varies significantly across different ethnic and national groups. Generally, Rh-negative blood types are more prevalent among people of European descent and less common in other populations. Below is an overview of nationalities and ethnic groups with higher proportions of Rh-negative blood types: Region/Country Estimated Percentage of Rh-Negative Individuals Insights Basque Country (Spain & France) 15-30% The Basque population has one of the highest frequencies of Rh-negative blood types globally. This high prevalence is attributed to their unique genetic heritage. Northern Europe 15-20% Countries include the United Kingdom, Ireland, Germany, Netherlands, and the Scandinavian countries (Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Finland). Northern Europeans exhibit higher Rh-negative rates compared to other European regions. Western Europe 10-15% Countries such as France, Germany, and the Netherlands fall into this category. The prevalence is slightly lower than in Northern Europe but still significant. Central Europe 10-15% Includes countries like Austria, Switzerland, Czech Republic, and Poland. Rh-negative blood types are relatively common in these populations. Southern Europe 5-10% Countries include Italy, Spain, Greece, and Portugal. The prevalence of Rh-negative blood types decreases as you move towards Southern Europe. Middle East & North Africa 5-7% Rh-negative blood types are present but less common, influenced by genetic diversity and historical migrations in these regions. Latin America 5-10% Due to a mixture of European, Indigenous, and African ancestries, Latin American populations have a variable prevalence of Rh-negative blood types. South Asia 1-3% Countries include India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka. Rh-negative blood types are rare in these populations. East Asia <1% Countries such as China, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan have extremely low frequencies of Rh-negative blood types. Africa 1-2% Rh-negative blood types are very rare in African populations. Native Americans & Indigenous Peoples <1% Rh-negative blood types are extremely rare among Native American and other indigenous groups. Implications for International Residents Living in South Korea For international residents living in South Korea, the distribution of blood types, particularly Rh-negative blood, has important implications for both healthcare access and emergency preparedness. Since Rh-negative blood is extremely rare in South Korea—comprising less than 1% of the population—international residents, especially those from regions with higher Rh-negative prevalence, need to be aware of the potential challenges in finding compatible blood. Below are the key implications: Difficulty in Finding Rh-Negative Blood Importance of Donating Blood International Cooperation and Importation of Blood Healthcare Awareness and Communication Additional Measures for Pregnant Women Planning is Critical For international residents living in South Korea, especially those from countries with a higher prevalence of Rh-negative blood types, being proactive is essential. Challenges in accessing Rh-negative blood in South Korea can be mitigated by regular blood donation, clear communication with healthcare providers, and emergency preparedness. By staying informed and taking the right steps, foreign residents can ensure they receive the best possible care, even in urgent situations where rare blood types are needed. By understanding the challenges and taking proactive steps, individuals with these rare blood types can mitigate the risks of blood shortages in South Korea. The Korean Medical System Working to Improve Blood Donations The Korean medical system is actively working to improve access to blood donations for uncommon blood types. As of 2024, the medical system particularly wants to improve Rh-negative blood types and started a variety of strategies and initiatives. Here’s a look at the measures being taken based on recent research and initiatives in South Korea: National Blood Donation Campaigns The Korean Red Cross, which oversees blood donation in South Korea, conducts regular nationwide blood drives to encourage more donations. These campaigns specifically highlight the need for donations from individuals with rare blood types, including Rh-negative blood. These campaigns: You can even find a permanent Red Cross Donation Site near AK Plaza in Pyeongtaek. If you don’t speak Korean, you need a certified translator to go with you to donate blood. Special Blood Donation Programs for Rh-Negative Donors To address the scarcity of Rh-negative blood, Korea has implemented special programs to encourage Rh-negative individuals to donate regularly: Development of the Blood Information Management System (BIMS) The Blood Information Management System (BIMS) is an advanced digital system used by the Korean Red Cross and hospitals to track blood supply and demand across the country: Implementation Timeline While specific public records detailing the exact implementation date of BIMS are limited, the system has been gradually developed and enhanced over the past decade. Key milestones in its development include: These phases reflect ongoing efforts by the Korean Red Cross and other medical institutions to modernize blood management practices, leveraging technology to address challenges related to blood type shortages and emergency response. Key Features of BIMS Promoting Rare Blood Type Awareness The Korean medical system is working to raise awareness about rare blood types through: Collaboration with International Blood Networks South Korea has also explored collaborations with international blood banks and medical organizations to ensure a steady supply of rare blood types. This includes the Korean Red Cross regularly visiting US Military Bases for blood drives: If you have a rare blood type for Korea, PLEASE find a way to donate. Blood Storage Technology Improvements The Korean healthcare system has invested in improving blood storage technologies to ensure the long-term viability of rare blood supplies: Targeted Recruitment of Donors from Specific Communities In South Korea, certain foreign communities, particularly expatriates from Western countries, may have a higher proportion of Rh-negative blood types. To address this: Encouraging Repeat Donations and Tracking Donor Data The Korean Red Cross promotes repeat blood donations by developing relationships with donors who have rare blood types. This includes: Conclusion South Korea’s medical system is working comprehensively to improve access to blood donations for uncommon blood types, particularly Rh-negative types, by implementing public awareness campaigns, improving technology and systems for managing blood supplies, and collaborating with international networks. By focusing on education, convenience, and targeted outreach, the Korean healthcare system continues to enhance its ability to meet the demand for rare blood types in both routine and emergency medical situations. South of SeoulFounded in 2015, the South of Seoul team consists of volunteers on three continents working together to support English-speaking people traveling or living in South Korea. South of Seoul volunteers work with organizations and individuals across South Korea to improve equitable access to information across South Korea. Much of South of Seoul’s information focuses on Pyeongtaek, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea. Blogs published under the authorship of “South of Seoul” include blogs compiled by multiple volunteers to improve access to standardized information unrelated to individualized personal experiences. www.southofseoul.net

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